City of Silver, and The Mountain That Eats Men

Potosi:

We eventually left Sucre to visit the historic city of Potosi. The city owes it existance to a mountain, Cerro Rico, below which sits the city. There are a few legends as to how the city started or how the silver was found. One of my favorites says that a llama herder, Diego Huallpa lost one of his llamas, so he set out to find it. After searching for most of the day the sun went down and he became cold, so he started a fire on the side of the mountain. Soon there was liquid silver flowing out of the mountain. Another version says that a stubborn llama wouldn´t move from his spot so Diego built a fire to wait out the llama. Diego had known that Spaniards loved this metal but also remembered an Incan legend about the mountain. Inca Huayna Capac heard a booming voice tell him not to dig into Potojsi hill for metal, because it was destined for others. Needless to say the Spanish soon found out and the "others" began extracting from the "rich" mountain.

We saw a city that had been wealthy at one point but is in a state of recession now, as most of the silver has been pulled out of the mountain. So much so that the mountain is a few hundred feet lower than when they started mining it. Mining still goes on, and keeps a number of men employed. Women aren´t allowed to work in the mines as it brings bad luck and El Tio won´t give up the minerals. The women do work outside the mines, protecting the entrances and tools. The workers now are organized into cooperatives, where they get to pick their schedules and days off. Under Spanish rule a Ley de Mita was in effect where the locals were forced to work in the mines. Sometimes they would work for 4 months at a time, without coming out of the mines, 12 hour shifts, sleeping and eating underground...horrendous conditions...and they have changed little since Spanish rule.

The popular thing to do is to take a mine tour. We did, and what an experience it was. We had Ronald as our guide; he´d worked for 2 years in the mine before taking a job as a tour guide and spoke excellent english. Our first stop was to get fitted with helmet, light, boots, and cover jacket and pants. Next we got to shop at the miners market, where anyone (children included) can buy dynamite! We also got some water and coca leaves as presents to the miners...as well as dynamite of course!! We even got to try a sip of the alcohol that miners drink...96 percent. When everyone had bought gifts, we headed to a processing plant, where they use chemicals to extract minerals from the ore they brought out of the mine. Again very little silver is left but they still mine for tin, zinc, lead and other minerals. Hi-ho, hi-ho, it was off to the mine we go. We went on a Saturday, when most of the workers had taken a day off so there was less dust in the mines (good thing too). But first we visited Tio.

Tio is the god of the minerals, and often is depicted with horns, similar to the devil. He has statues all over the mines and the workers always pay their respects to him before they start working. He is covered with coca leaves, sprinkled with alcohol and given cigarettes to smoke. Miners believe that without his blessing they will not get any minerals from mining. El Tio (uncle, in spanish) has an interesting origin as well. The Spaniards tried to force the locals to work the mines but in such horrible conditios, many of them refused. So the Spanish put a statue down in the mines and told the people that if they didn´t work then the "Dio," or god, would become angry and make them pay. Being scared of what might happen they began working and worshipping the god of the mountain and minerals. The local Quechua language has no "D" in their language and Dio became Tio. They also say that God, has no place or power in the mines so they worship Tio for protection, luck and hopefully a good vein to follow.

After trying to light Tio´s cigarette, which wouldn´t because there was so little oxygen in the tunnels... we carried on to light some dynamite! We lit, then scrambled back up the tunnel and 3 minutes later a loud but muffled pop and concussion wave hit us, so exciting!

The tour continued down the shafts, past braces, dump points and through water, always ducking or crouched and watching your head. It would be a tremendous advantage to be 4 foot 1" down there. We eventually go to the third level and the temperature had reached something like 94 F, with very little oxygen and all of us panting through the bandanas or masks we had. It´s little surprise that the life expectancy of a miner is about 40. Most of them get silicosis neumonitis and die, and under spanish rule there were many mining accidents that took lives. We crawled and shuffled our way back out to daylight, the air getting cooler and easier to breathe as we neared the exit. Our lungs and throats burned and our backs hurt from just a few hours underground. We reached daylight and heaved in the fresh air, excited that we had survived but thinking about all those who had suffered, and still do, just to earn a buck.

Potosi was one of the largest and wealthiest cities in the new world, reaching some 200,000 in 1672, larger than London at that time. The Spanish mint was created there and they coined many a coin that was then shipped back to Spain. PTSI, was the mint´s abreviation for Potosi, and when overlayed looks like the dollar sign ($). Spain´s empire was almost exclusively funded by the silver extracted from Cerro Rico.

It´s estimated that more than 8 million have lost their lives to the mountain, either by silicosis or accidents.

Some say that with all the silver extracted from this single mountain, a bridge could have been build from Potosi to Spain, and there would still be sacks of coin to carry across the bridge.

There were also enough bones from those who died to build a bridge just along side the silver one, all the way from Potosi to Spain.

The miners chew coca leaves all day to satiate hunger and thirst, to help with the effects of the dust, and give them a little energy to continue to work, also at the lower levels many work without shirts.

Cerro Rico is known as THE MOUNTAIN THAT EATS MEN.

If anyone is interested check out the documentary THE DEVIL´S MINER, about a family who depend on the mines in Cerro Rico.

El Tio, all decked out in Carnival garb.

Dynamite, for Team Sexy Dynamite!

Our guide, Ronald, displaying "all you need to wear for the mines."

Narrow streets of Potosi, Cerro Rico looming above.

Cramped spaces in the mine. Oh to be a dwarf ;)

Sucre, the one where we saw dino prints!

After a slow start out of La Paz, we stopped in El Alto for about an hour, we reached Sucre in about 14 hours. Sucre is the Constitutional capital of Bolivia but most of the governing happens in La Paz. It is also is a place that has many universities and is considered one of the safest cities in Bolivia. The central plaza, 25th of May Plaza, is surrounded by impressive white colonial buildings: churches, a government building, a bank or two, and a few cafes...the usual for most cities in latin america.

Sucre was cool but we were kind of done with taking pictures of plazas and white colonial buildings, so we decided to get out to the surrounding areas for some fun.

The first place we went to was Tarabuco. Tarabuco was a meeting place for pre-incan cultures to meet and exchange goods. It has survived through Inca and Spanish rule, to be much of the same thing. Artisans and weavers, jewlers and nicknack makers all join forces to sell their goods to tourists with pockets full of cash. It was a pretty interesting market, but we have seen similar ones on our trip. They have an amazing assortment of hats, caps, shalls and sweaters of alpaca/llama in an equally amazing range of colors. We snapped a few shots but didn´t feel like buying anything for gringo prices. We caught the bus back to Sucre, Jon slept most of the way back.

We next tried our hand with a local guiding service, Condor Trekkers, run by a kiwi and his vegetarian lady friend. We had heard about their one day trek to the dino park (Cal Orck´o) and then to the 7 waterfalls. Jon really pushed the dino park cause he´s a big dork about that kind of stuff. The dino park was created after the cement plant, Fancesa, dug into a layer of limestone that had suspicious prints all over it. I think they would have just carried on taking down the mountain if the layer of limestone wasn´t such poor quality for cement. Some 'thinker' proposed a money making tourist idea and the park was born. They have some cool history of the region´s tectonic activities and how there came to be a layer of mud with tons of dino tracks all over it; bent up at a 70 degree angle (almost a vertical wall)full of 70 million year old tracks! They also had a few life like dinos roaming the green spaces from tiny armed (almost non-existant) t-rex like meat lovers to massive beasts that could bury a bus in a pile of dung.

After we (Jon) had dorked out enough we trekked away from the plant, park and Sucre to find a series of waterfalls. The geology of the region is really interesting to look at and ponder how layers of marine sediment are now twisted near vertical and 3000m above the current oceans. The vegetation is mostly shrubs with the occational Australian eucalyptus tree, and soil/rocks in various shades of green, red, brown, grey and purple. After three or so hours of hiking we make it to the waterfalls. Since it is wet season we expected a bit more water but this area of Bolivia is more prone to flash flooding where water levels don´t stay high. Our guide, Ivan, fixed up lunch while we explored the first waterfall and pool. There are supposedly seven but they are very difficult to get to, we made it up to the third falls, but no more.

Hunger overtook us and we wondered back towards Ivan finding a massive spread of sammie makings! Delicious bread, hard boiled eggs, lettuce and spinach, tomato, avacado, onion, a baked veggie mix, cheese, and tons of condiments!! We feasted in the shade until we were about to burst and then Ivan packed us up and started out of the valley, back in the direction of Sucre. Stuffed and nearing food coma, we stumbled into a small town where we would catch a bus back to Sucre. We ended up waiting around and getting chatted up by a local who had had a bit to drink, and a huge wad of coca leaves in his mouth. The guy was really patient with our less than perfect spanish but he was pretty difficult to understand as he slurred his way through most of the conversation. Many laughs were had before he stumbled away and we caught a taxi (the bus was really late) back to Sucre.

We had enjoyed our outing so much we decided to do their 3 day trek the next day. How lucky we were to have such a good group of people along with us too. Two couples joined (UK/UK, Welsh/Canadian), as well as a single french guy and an older gentleman from Texas. All of us met up early in the morning, split up food and we were off! The rain cleared as we munched on some tasty banana breads and amazing cookies for breakfast, and the sun came out shortly after we began hiking. Most of the hiking was on roads or small trails but the first bit was on an old Inca road. We dropped down and then back up a valley, snapping photos of the gorgeous surroundings. We, again, had beautiful layers and mutli-colored rocks all along the trail. Our first night would be spent in Managua crater, which looks like a crater, but actually is just a unique geologic formation where the crust has been bent and shifted into the shape of a bowl. We had a wet run to the store after we dropped our bags off at the cabins to get beers and chocolate, before settling back down to a delicious meal of pasta.

Our next morning had us puffing up and out of the "crater" and we eventually stopped for lunch right beside another set of dinosaur tracks! You can imagine how excited Jon was ;) This layer had been exposed by a recent earthquake and the elders had said the tracks were made by flamingos! Not too far off I guess. After a long lunch and siesta we continued on for another couple hours before we reached Potolo, walking up dry gulches to get there. Again we swung into a small shop to gather some wine and beer, before getting served a hot dinner of quinoa and soup(side note, did you know that 2013 is the year of Quinoa?). We stayed up chatting for a bit before heading to the surprisingly comfy beds. The next morning was an uninteresting 5 minute walk to the bus and heading back to Sucre. The bus ride was curvy and we felt a couple times like we might get stuck crossing a river, or rub too close to the side of a cliff, but we returned to Sucre without incident.

We head to Potosi next! (we are in Potosi, blog coming soon!)

The AMAZON...Rurrenabaque and Pampas

Well, it had to happen at some point in our trip...we would need to venture into the Amazon jungle. Finally, in the last country that we are visiting, we have finally done it.

We flew from La Paz to Rurrenabaque to avoid the 22 hour bus ride over dangerous roads (its the rainy season and most roads are washed out or experiencing continual landslides) and though we paid substantially more, we don´t regret it at all. The flight was anywhere from 25 to 40 minutes in total, depending on the size of the plane. Our flight to Rurrenabaque was in a tiny plane that you couldn´t fully stand up in and there were strict baggage weight limits. To say the least, I was nervous. But obviously we survived.

Rurrenabaque is a small, quiet town flanking the Yacuma river, with not much going on besides hosting tourists looking for excursions into the jungle. We flew in a day before our 3 day, 2 night tour in Pampas National Park was supposed to start, so we had some time to explore. We didn´t know how exciting just exploring was going to be. Since Carnival was still going on (its like a 4 day solid thing leading up to Mardi Gras) kids were lining the streets with waterballoons and foam. This all would have been fun and good, except some of the ballons we soon realized were filled with dyed water or even blood (pig or sheep or something). We had only brough limited clothing for our 5 days away from La Paz, so suddenly a trip to the market became much more exciting than we cared for it to be. The final straw was when we saw some locals actually throwing rocks at each other. We spent most of our first day in Rurrenabaque in the comfortable hammocks at our hostel and cooking in the communal kitchen we had.

Pampas Tour, Day 1: The first day was a long travel day. We met at the travel office in Rurrenabaque, and after waiting more than an hour for another group member who flew in that morning, we started off on the bumpy, muddy, 3 hour drive to Santa Rosa. It would be just too convenient if everything went smoothly though, so of course we noticed that the Land Rover was making noises and the driver kept stopping to check the distributor cap under the hood. We stopped for about 20 minutes at one point to, I don´t know, wait for the moisture in it to dry out? (Jon should be writing this portion, I know poop about cars). Once that was ¨resolved¨ we thought we were home free, but no, we got a flat tire. We waited in the car in the pouring down rain for the driver to get out and fix it. Fifteen minutes later, we were good to go with the tire, but wait, the driver had left on the car headlights and the engine wouldn´t start! After much exasperated trying, we sat back, mosquitos buzzing around us, rain pounding on the car and our guide who was sitting shotgun started chuckling. Laughter erupted from the rest of us, what a hilariously shitty situation! It was resolved easily enough, after another several minutes of trying, the engine magically started and we were on our way again.

When we finally got to Santa Rosa, we had a late lunch and then loaded into the narrow wooden boat that would be our means of transport for the next three days. On our way to the lodging site, our guide took us through many different channels of the wetlands until I was thoroughly lost, but showed us some incredible wildlife. So many kinds of birds, from eagles, to hawks, to herons, to cormorants, to funky looking oversized turkeys with mohawks. We also saw our first camen, alligators, turtles and the famous pink dolphins of the Amazon! We also got really close up to black howler monkeys and yellow squirrel monkeys.

The lodging itself was extremely basic and was essentially a series of wooden, slippery boardwalks connecting dorm houses, bathrooms, kitchen and dining area and common room. Everything was stilted and we were about 4 or so feet above the murkey water. This was all fine, except for the fact that the narrow boardwalks didnt have railings (difficult squeezing two people past at the same time), were mostly wet with little traction, and had broken or missing planks along the way. And if the only threat was falling into some shallow, gross water below, that would have been fine too. But the guides and cooks continually fed alligators and caiman scraps from the kitchen. One alligator was named Pedro, and he was about 5-6 feet long, and rarely left his spot beneath the boardwalk at one of the main intersections of dining area-dormatories-common room. The annoying thing was that all the guides told new comers that Pedro was plastic (that´s how little he moved) and a few people were going to stick their foot down to touch the plastic alligator, and only didnt because someone else had noticed slight movements in Pedro´s eyes and overall position. Nothing said from the guides though, we had to figure this out on our own...doesn´t seem very responsible. There was also a caiman, this dude was about 8 to 10 feet in length, stationed beneath the walkway connecting the kitchen and dining room. Suddenly going to the bathroom in the middle of the night got 100X scarier.

But, we found out on the first night that the food was really good and, well, that makes everything better.

Pampas Tour, Day 2: Our morning trip was to a small, muddy island, home to a herd of cattle to search for the rare Anaconda. This black and green snake lived up in trees and in logs, so our guide grabbed a stick and started poking around. After 30 or so minutes of searching, we didn´t find an anaconda, but we had seen a poisonous, white spider that caused paralysis, a fruit who´s dye is used for tattooing and a lot of cow poop. Technically, we had seen an anaconda slither across the road the day before on our way into Santa Rosa, but it was hardly a fleeting glance (and I might have been the only one besides the guide to see it). We did however, find a big yellow cobra back at camp when we returned for lunch.

The afternoon trip was a swim with the pink dolphins. It was nerve racking getting into the opaque, brown water that we knew contained anacondas, piranas, alligators and camen as well, but our guide assured us that as long as there were several pink dolphins around, they were the top predator and most others would stay away. The pink dolphins would come right up under you (which was a suprise since you couldn´t see your own hand under an inch of water) and investigate you. They were curious creatures, and so soft. Sometimes they would let you hold onto their tail, until they got bored and then they would flap a bunch of water in your face. The younger ones got a little bitey though, not breaking any skin but unpleasant enough coming from an invisible source beneath you in jungle waters. After being bit by sea lions in the Galapagos, I had had enough of these pissy water mammals and got back into the boat.

Our late afternoon adventure was to a solid patch of marshy land to watch the sunset. Overpriced beer and chocolate were sold here, but we resisted and just enjoyed being on solid land and seeing the pinks and oranges in the sky.

That evening, after dinner, we went out on our night excursion, armed with headlamps and flashlights. We spotted several camen with their glowing orange eyes in our light beams, and our guide even surprised us by pulling a baby one onto the boat. No one knew it was on the boat, and I was sitting in the back of the boat right in front of the guide. In the darkness, he rested something on my shoulder, and whne I reached for it, I found a slimy, moving tail! He wasn´t really supposed to touch the animals like that, but it was cool to see one up close. We also saw an owl that night and sat for a while with the boat motor off, listening to the symphony of frogs and watching the lighting storm on the horizon.

Pampas Tour, Day 3: Our last day out started with pirana fishing. We didn´t catch anything, but in all fairness, our guide said we wouldn´t. It is rainy season, and right now, the deepest parts of the main channels are about 9 meters, and they could get about 20cm deeper. In the dry season, the deepest parts of the main channels is at about 1 meter. So wildlife is a lot more consolidated in the dry season, and its easier to catch piranas. We were disappointed, but on our way back to camp, we did get to see some capibaras!

The rest of the day was spent packing up, motoring back to the mainland and driving back to Rurrenabaque. Back at our hostel in Rurrenabaque, we celebrated with a cold beer each and showered off 3 days of insect repellant and scum.

The next day we were supposed to fly back to La Paz at 2pm, but due to weather our flight was delayed until 6pm. We had time to explore the town (free of flying, blood-filled water balloons) and found some great little cafes and bakeries with cheap and tasty food. There was a French-owned bakery with chocolate filled crossants, sweet apple pastries, creamy mushroom pasteries and vegetarian quiches. There was also an Italian-owned pizza shop that sold delicious slices of thin crust pizza for 6Bs (less than a dollar). We enjoyed our chilled-out day away from mosquites before getting safely back to La Paz. We´ve spent one night at the Adventure Brew Hostel here, and in a few hours we will be on a 16 hour bus ride to Sucre!

La Paz and The Worlds Most Dangerous Road

La Paz has served us well the past week and a half as a homebase for all of our mountain biking and jungle excursions. To get to La Paz, we passed through El Alto, a high, dirty suburb of the main city. But then you get to the rim of the bowl the city is in and look down into the brick red, concave city. It is quite a sight! This city will get your heart racing with its busy streets and high elevation (3,800 meters) but we really enjoyed the hostel we stayed at. It is called the Adventure Brew Hostel, and for a mere $7 a night, you get an all-you-can-eat pancake breakfast every morning and a free handle of one of their microbrews every night. Those perks aside, the hostel staff is friendly, the beds and bathrooms are clean, we have a communal kitchen available to us and a local market 10 minutes down the road.

Our big experience out of La Paz was mountain biking the World´s Most Dangerous Road, otherwise known as Death Road, because quite a few lethal bus and car accidents have happened there, and crazy mountain biking tourists have died as well. We booked our day trip the first evening we were in La Paz and the next morning we were putting along in second gear with a bunch of other backpackers up to La Cumbre pass at 4,670m. Due to large amounts of precipitation the night before, we started our descent in snow. The first part of the circuit was down paved roads. There were occasional cars going both diretions on this road, so we had to be careful, especially when there was a slow car coming up the road and other cars were trying to overtake them in our lane. We still got quite a bit of speed on that section of the road and it was a good warm up for the old dirt road we would be spending most of the day on. The scenery was also stunning, with snowy peaks and whispy clouds through the valley. Every once in a while, the guides would stop us, have us peer over a cliff and see the car or bus remains below. Usually at these accident spots, you could turn around and see crosses next to the road for the deceased.

After a quick snack break at the end of the paved road, we loaded up our bikes on the vans and drove 15 minutes to the start of the really dangerous, unpaved road. By now, it was much warmer since we were dropping significantly in elevation. We got amazing views of the green valley we were biking down. We flew down that mountain (Jon was usually at the front of the pack, I was front middle, not that we are competative or anything) underneath water falls, through puddles, around tight cliff bends. Usually you wouldn´t know how precarious the trail you just rode down was, until you stopped, turned around and saw the sheer drop off, some of them up to 600 meters. Jon and I were the only two people to get flat tires, but the guide in the back would quickly rectify it by switching us bikes, fixing the tire, and then switching bikes back at the next stop point. While we probably reached faster speeds on the paved part of the road, this rocky road was way more technical and fun, and the elevation change still prompted a rapid pace.

We ended our ride in the tiny town of Yolosa at 1200 meters...so thats 3470 meters of elevation change, or about 11,385 feet from start to finish. From snow covered mountain pass to humid jungle, we were now craving some freezing cold cervesa (which we bought), clean showers and the buffet lunch/dinner that we were promised. We didn´t return to La Paz until nightfall, but it was an awesome, exciting day, probably one of our favorite day trips of all South America!

Carnival was a major event happening in South America (and all around the world) while we were in La Paz. The streets were crazy with kids in costumes, everyone armed with foam cans or giant supersoaker guns, prompting rain slickers and plastic eye covers for most people wandering the streets. We spent a fair amount of time dodging friendly sprays from kids and got nailed a few times in the face and ears, but it was usually good fun with most of the Bolivians. There were however, some malicious Bolivians that would try and spray our faces or cameras and usually yell out something like ¨F***ing gringos.¨ Another bummer was that our friend Luke was carrying his iPhone at one point, and we got mobbed by a professional, middle aged, pickpocketing crew, resulting in his iPhone going missing in seconds and all of us wiping the foam out of our eyes and wondering what had happened.

Besides Death Road and Carnival festivities, La Paz has some amazing artisan markets with some of the cheapest prices you will see in South America. I now have my own partially alpaca wool sweater that I bought for about $13. We will spend more time getting gifts for family members here when we come back through. Another attraction is the San Pedro Prison, which lies in the middle of the city and is one square block of 3-story high, solid cement walls. Jon and I were particularly interested in this since we had read the book Marching Powder about a guy from London who got caught smuggling cocaine in Bolivia and spent almost 5 years there. Besides these attractions, La Paz has to offer good, diverse cuisine and some breath-taking miradors to hike to. Definitely a city worth a few days of exploration and shopping. And we will for sure be returning to have more of the Saya Ambar brew when we are coming back north in a few weeks.

Bolivia!!: Copacabana and Isla del Sol

From Puno it is a quick 2 hour bus ride to the Bolivian border. As busses were full we took a combi, otherwise known as a minivan that fits 15 plus people. Most border crossings are fairly simple: wait in line, answer a few questions or get a fatherly stare from over the glasses, stamp stamp amd then into the next line. The Bolivian border is no different. . . unless you're an American. We had to fill out a visa form, get photocopies of our passports (we paid for the copies), pull out $135 US each and the bills were inspected very carefully, a $20 bill with a slight tear was thrown back at us as if it were monopoly money, and our money was counted at least 4 times. All in all the border wasn't that bad but we felt a bit victimized solely for the fact that we were born in America.

Once on the other side we caught another combi to Copacabana. From here we would set out to explore the Sun island, or Isla del Sol. Copacabana has an interesting tradition where they 'bless' their vehicles by sprinkling confetti all over the car, deck it out with streamers, then douse the car in alcohol! The vehicles are now protected from harm by some patron saint, we saw this ceremony on our way out of town and I think the drivers were putting back as much as was poured on their cars, so the amount of 'protection' would seem limited.. Anyway Copacabana is a neat little town with a main drag filled with touristy stuff, tour operators, food and drink. We found a place to buy boat tickets to the island.

A small boat stuffed with 60 - 70 passengers putted its way out to the island, about an hour an a half from Copacabana. We got off the boat in Yumani, and were immediately accosted by a ticket lady who we had to pay 5 bolivianos to as a "tax" for being on the southern part of the island. There used to be a single fee tourists paid to visit the island but the money wasn't being properly distributed to the entire island, so as we walked in a big loop around the island we were supposed to pay at each "zone" change until you had a ticket from each zone. Anyway, we paid for the first zone and then headed up the Inca Stairs to the top of Yumani, passing the natural springs that were thought to represent the three codes or morals of the Andean People "ama sua, ama llulla, ama qhilla (don't ask me to pronounce it but they mean: do not steal, do not lie, do not be lazy). Also Spaniards thought the springs might be the fountain of youth. At the top of the stairs we passed a plethora of hostels and pizzerias, even a few llamas!

We had decided previously that we wanted to spend the night on Isla del Sol so we chose to loop the island and find a hostel to lay our heads that night. As we were sin gia we went at our own pace, starting north from Yumani on the ridge trail. This path gave us fantastic views of the island and Lake Titicaca. We soon found ourselves at the Chincana ruins, a sacrificial table and a large rock that's said too look like a crouching puma when viewed from the southeast. A quick bit of history. The Aymara people called the island Titi'kaka which either means 'puma' 'rock' or 'piedra fundamental' (foundation stone). The Inca's believed that the first of their people, Manco Capác, was born here and also where the sun was born. Lots of cool legends and creation stories are centered around this island. We hiked around many of these significant features of the island without knowing we had just passed a sacred place, there weren't many informational signs for the do-it-yourselfers.

After checking out the ruins we headed south again walking on the east side of the island through a few small villages and taking in more sights. The entire island is covered in terraces, some historians say there have been people farming on Isla del Sol since about 2200 BC! Many of the terraces are still in use by the villagers, mainly growing potatoes. Crossing back over a few 'zonal checkpoints' we were back to Yumani by supper time. We stayed at Templo del Sol Hostal and found a pizza joint to fill our bellies. After dinner the night sky opened between clouds to show the Milky Way, a couple of planets and on the horizon the city glow from La Paz, our next destination.

Isla del Sol has a lot of history and it was cool to explore the island on our own. A few winks in Hostal Sonia, who we didn't particularly enjoy, and it was on a bus again to La Paz!

A view of windows in the maze like setup of Chincana ruins.

A friendly llama on our way up the Inca Stairs.

Our ridge path, heading north.

Jon on top of the crouching puma rock; I had no idea what I was climbing on! oops.

Puno: City of Festivities

Puno!

We arroved to this lakeside town at the very beginning of the Festival de la Virgen de la Candelaria (Candlemas). This festival is in celebration of the agricultural cycles, and the colorful cultures of the Quechua and Aymara people come from surrounding villages to dance and give blessings to Pachamama, Mother Earth. The streets filled with sound and a myriad of color and there seemed to be a celebration at all hours. We found out on one of our wandering walks that much of the music comes from impromptu "bands" that form on street corners. The more impressive shows came as geoups of dancers and drummers wound their way through the city streets.

Drummers kept a steady rythmic and earthy beat as flutes and pipes played a tune that when combined made your feet stomp to time. Dancers, men and women, danced in cadence to the drums and dresses floated, men jumped and twirled all while making their way up narrow, cobbled streets. We stayed a few days in Puno and were able to see at least some dancing each day. One of the processions we followed all the way up to the main square and church. While the procession and others continued to party outside the square the church was having mass!! Both areas were packed with people. We saw some dancers with scary masks that were made to look like the devil, giant curling horns and colorful hair and clothing. It was interesting to see the different styles of "celebration": dancing vs prayer, amazing colors vs pure white, raucous excitement vs devote silence.

We hung around the crowds soaking up the energy before going back to wander the streets, and eventually heading for bed.

The next day we tried out another cultural experience, the floating reed islands of the Uru People. A boat motored us out to The island that is most set up for tourism, the island itself is about 80-100ft in diameter. We had the "President" of the island explained how the islands were built. Islands have a foundation of the totora root mass/blocks and then totora reeds are stacked top of the blocks in crisscrossing fashion to about 2m in height or thickness. The islands are continually decomposing and new reeds are layered on top. The Uros use the totora reed for everything, houses, boats, islands. It was hinted at us from other travelers that the island we went too wasn't really live on anymore, it was more a show for the tourists, it was still interesting! Our tour was going to take us to another island but on our way there our boat had some issues, apparently one of the blades of the propeller snapped off.. so we waited about 2 hours, stranded until a rescue boat came out to save us. At least it wasn't raining!!

We head for the Bolivian border next..